ORTHODONTICS
1) INTRODUCTION TO ORTHODONTICS
SHORT ESSAYS
- Scope of orthodontic treatment.
- Aims of orthodontic treatment.
- Theories of growth.
- Methods of gathering growth data.
- Methods of studying growth.
- Mechanism of bone growth.
- Definition related to growth.
- Growth spurts
- Differential growth
- Scammon’s growth curve
- Neurotrophic process in oro-facial growth
- Prenatal growth of cranial base.
- Development of palate.
- Prenatal embryology of mandible.
- Post-natal growth of cranial base.
- Post-natal growth of maxilla.
- Post-natal growth of mandible.
- Development of palate.
- Meckel’s cartilage.
- Mix dentition period.
- Trajectile of force.
- Spheno -occipital Synchondrosis.
- Mixed dentition period.
- Gum pads.
- Primate space.
- Flush terminal plane.
- Mixed dentition period.
- Incisal liability.
- Leeway space.
- Flush terminal plane.
- Ugly duckling stage.
- Trajectories of force.
- Infantile swallow.
- Trajectories of the mandible.
- Wolff’s law of transformation of bone.
- Andrew’s six key to normal occlusion.
- Curve of speech.
- Curve of Wilson curve of monsoon.
- Angle’s system of classification.
- Drawbacks of Angle’s classification.
- Simon’s classification.
- Ackerman profit system of classification.
- True class lll.
- Pseudo class lll.
- Dewey’s modification of Angle’s classification of malocclusion.
- Simon’s classification.
- Bennet’s classification.
- Etiology of malocclusion.
- Moyer’s classification of etiology of malocclusion.
- Congenital defects.
- Supernumerary teeth.
- Conditions associated with delayed eruption of teeth.
- Conditions associated with delayed eruption of teeth.
- Dental caries.
- Thumb and digit sucking.
- Classification of habits.
- Effects of thumb sucking, management of thumb sucking.
- Tongue thrust.
- Management of thumb sucking.
- Mouth breathing habit.
- Essential diagnostic aids.
- Orthodontic study models.
- Radiographs used in orthodontic diagnosis.
- Essential diagnostic aids.
- Supplemental diagnostic aids.
- Radiographs used in orthodontic diagnosis.
- Panoramic radiograph.
- Facial divergence.
- Gnathostatic models.
- Facial photographs as a diagnostic AID.
- Types of cephalometry.
- Uses of cephalogram.
- Uses of cephalogram.
- Downs Analysis.
- Y-axis.
- Steiner analysis.
- The wits appraisal.
- Uses of cephalogram.
- The key ridge.
- Mandibular plane.
- Skeletal analysis.
- N.B angle.
- Tweed analysis.
- Hand wrist radiographs.
- Fishman’s skeletal maturity indicators.
- Skeletal maturation evaluation using cervical vertebrae.
- Carey’s analysis.
- Ashley Howe’s analysis.
- Points analysis.
- Bolton’s analysis.
- Moyer’s mixed dentition analysis.
- Arch perimeter analysis.
- Tooth eruption.
- Histology of tooth movement.
- Tooth eruption.
- Optimum orthodontic force.
- Theories of tooth movement.
- Bone bending and piezoelectric theories of tooth movement.
- Types of tooth movement.
- Bodily movement.
- Types of Anchorage.
- Extra oral sources of Anchorage.
- Reinforced or multiple Anchorage.
- Intra oral sources of Anchorage.
- Reinforced or multiple Anchorage.
- Intrst maxillary Anchorage.
- Space maintenance.
- Space maintenance.
- Serial extraction.
- Space regaining.
- Serial extraction.
- Space regaining.
- Proximal stripping.
- Rapid maxillary expansion.
- Space regaining.
- Indications of extraction.
- Extraction of first premolar.
- Indications of extraction.
- Indications of extraction.
- Wilkinson extraction.
- Classification of orthodontic appliances.
- Advantages and disadvantages of removable appliances.
- Advantages and disadvantages of fixed appliances.
- Classification of orthodontic appliances.
- Ideal requirements of an orthodontic appliances.
- Components of removable appliances.
- Adam’s clasp.
- Schwarz clasp.
- Canine retractor.
- Jackson’s clasp.
- Adams clasps.
- Adam’s with single arrow head.
- Robert’s retractor.
- Finger springs.
- Z spring.
- T spring.
- Coffin spring.
- Canine retractor.
- Tooth movements possible using fixed appliances.
- Stainless steel.
- Arch wires, classification, ideal requirements.
- Elastics and Elastomeric.
- Fixed appliances techniques.
- Edgewise appliances.
- Begg appliance.
- Stages in treatment.
- Buccal tubes.
- Stainless steel.
- Nickle titanium alloys.
- Elastics and Elastomeric.
- Kesling spring separator.
- Fixed appliances techniques.
- Edgewise appliances.
- Begg appliance.
- Myofacial appliances, treatment principles, case selection.
- Vestibular screen.
- Lip bumper.
- Function regulator 2 of Frankel.
- Bite plane.
- Action of functional appliances.
- Lip bumper.
- Mode of action of activator.
- Fabrication of activator.
- The Frankel philosophy.
- Mode of action of Frankel appliances.
- Twin block appliance.
- Jasper jumper.
- Lip bumper.
- Jasper jumper.
- Head gears.
- Face mask.
- Parts of reverse pull head gear.
- China cup.
- Head gears.
- Management of midline diastema.
- Management of midline diastema.
- Class ll division 1 malocclusion.
- Class ll division 2 malocclusions.
- Features, treatment of class lll malocclusion.
- Treatment of class lll malocclusion.
- Classification, etiology, clinical features, treatment.
- Classification, etiology, treatment of posterior cross bite.
- Treatment of anterior cross bite using removable appliances.
- Use of tongue blade.
- Catlan’s appliance.
- Fixed appliance for the treatment of anterior cross bite.
- Tongue blade.
- Treatment of deep bite.
- Use of fixed anterior bite plane.
- Etiology of cleft lip and palate.
- Problems associated with clefts.
- Management of cleft lip and palate.
- Classification of cleft lip and palate.
- Veau classification.
- Management of cleft lip and palate.
- Orthognathic surgery.
- Retention and relapse.
- Schools of retention.
- Theories of retention.
- Causes of relapse.
- Schools of retention.
- Types of retention.
- Prolonged or permanent retention.
- Classification of retainers.
- Removable retainers.
- Hawley’s appliance.
- Limited or short-term retention.
- Hawley’s appliance.
- Orthodontic study models.
