Conservation
Endodontics question are continued below
1) INTRODUCTION TO OPERATIVE DENTISTRY
SHORT ESSAYS
- Scope of operative dentistry.
- What are the indications for operative dental treatment?
- Advancement in operative dentistry that have revolutionized the current practice in operative dentistry.
SHORT ANSWER
- Define operative dentistry?
2) TOOTH NUMBERING SYSTEM
LONG ESSAY
- Enumerate the several systems of tooth numbering? Explain in detail Zsigmondy/Palmer system.
SHORT ESSAYS
- Zsigmondy /Palmer system
- American dental association system
- Federation dentaire international system
SHORT ANSWER
- Give any 2 advantages and disadvantages of FDI system
3) NOMENCLATURE IN OPERATIVE DENTISTRY
SHORT ESSAYS
- Classification of cavity preparation
- Explain the walls and angles of cavity preparation.
SHORT ANSWERS
- Simple cavity preparation
- Compound cavity preparation
- Complex cavity preparation
- Cavosurface angle /Cavosurface margin
4) STRUCTURE OF TEETH AND SUPPORTING TISSUES
SHORT ESSAYS
- Explain structure of teeth
- Discuss supporting structures and its clinical significance
SHORT ANSWERS
- Prismless enamel
- Gnarled enamel
- Nasmyth membrane/primary enamel cuticle
- Gingival unit
- Attachment apparatus
5) FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS OF HUMAN DENTITION
LONG ESSAY
- Explain contacts and contours of teeth.
SHORT ESSAYS
- Define occlusion? Write angle’s classification of interarch relationship?
- Explain mandibular movements
- Explain about supporting and non-supporting cusp
- Define embrasure? Types and functions.
SHORT ANSWERS
- Write any four functions of teeth.
- What is the significance of Contour of teeth?
- Give functions of contact areas?
- Static occlusion
- Dynamic occlusion
- Functional occlusion
- Non physiologic occlusion
- Centric relation
- Balanced occlusion
- Canine guided occlusion
- Group function occlusion
- Define over jet and overbite. Its clinical significance
6) DENTAL CARIES
LONG ESSAY
- Define dental caries? Write in detail about etiology and histopathology of dental caries.
SHORT ESSAYS
- Theories of dental caries
- Zones of enamel caries
- Zones of dentinal caries
- Etiology of dental caries
- Classification of dental caries
- Various methods of diagnosing caries
- What are the recent advances of caries diagnosis?
- Clinical presentation of caries
- Management of caries
- Write in detail about preventive measures for dental caries
SHORT ANSWERS
- What is the role of diet in dental caries?
- What is the role of saliva in dental caries?
- Protective functions of saliva
- Smooth surface caries
- Pit and fissure caries
- Root surface caries
- Xeroradiography
- Transillumination
7) FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS IN CAVITY PREPARATION
LONG ESSAYS
- Define cavity preparation/Tooth preparation? Stages in cavity preparation?
- Enumerate the steps of cavity preparation? Explain resistance and retention form of class 2 cavity preparation?
SHORT ANSWERS
- Describe principles and features of primary resistance form
- Describe the Features of primary retention form.
- Differentiate between infected and affected dentin.
- Secondary resistance and retention form
8) PULP PROTECTION
SHORT ESSAYS
- Classify pulp protective agents and explain each in detail
- Indirect pulp capping
- Direct pulp capping
SHORT ANSWERS
- What are various pulpal irritants?
- What is the importance of remaining dentin thickness?
- Define cavity sealer.
- Define cavity liner.
- Define cavity base.
9) INSTRUMENTS IN OPERATIVE DENTISTRY
LONG ESSAYS
- Classify operating instruments. Discuss chisel, hatchet and GMT in detail with illustration.
- Classify operative instruments. Mention instrument formula and discuss GMT, angle former, hatchet and chisel in detail
- Write about standardization of root canal instruments. Write indications, advantages and procedure for step back technique of preparation of root canal.
SHORT ESSAYS
- GV black classification of instrument
- Hand cutting instrument
- Instrument formula
- Define bur? Classification of dental bur
- Design of dental bur. Significance of bur design
- Discuss about various instrument grasp used in operative dentistry.
SHORT ANSWERS
- Marzouk classification of instrument
- Mouth mirror. Types and functions
- Types of Explorer
- Parts of hand cutting instrument.
- Instrument formula for GMT.
- Types of GMT how to differentiate between mesial GMT and distal GMT
- What are the Rotary speed ranges in operative dentistry?
- Parts of dental bur
- Bur shapes
- Rake angle
- Types of excavator
- Restoring instruments
- Finishing and polishing instruments
- Modified pen grasp
- Guards
- Rests
- Enamel hatchet
10) ISOLATION OF OPERATING FIELD
SHORT ESSAYS
- Goals of isolation
- Methods of isolation
- Discuss rubber Dam isolation and in detail.
- Advantages/disadvantages indications/ contraindications
SHORT ANSWERS
- Types of rubber Dam material
- Saliva ejector
- High volume evacuator
11) MATRICES
SHORT ESSAYS
- Define matrix. Classification of matrices.
- Define matrix. Discuss ideal requirements of matrix, functions of matrix, parts of matrix.
- Tofflemire matrix
SHORT ANSWERS
- Ivory number 1 matrix
- Ivory number 8 matrix
- Parts of Tofflemire matrix
- T band matrix
- Auto matrix Parts , Advantages, Disadvantages
12) SEPARATION OF TEETH
SHORT ESSAYS
- Define separation of teeth, explain methods of tooth separation
- Define wedge, explain wedging techniques.
- Define wedge, Types of wedges and functions of wedges.
SHORT ANSWERS
- Elliott separator
- Piggyback wedging
- Double wedging
- Wedge wedging
- Ferrier double bow separator
- Light transmitting wedge
- Slow or delayed tooth separation
- What is the need for tooth separation?
13) INFECTION CONTROL IN OPERATIVE DENTISTRY
LONG ESSAY
- Define sterilization, what are the methods of sterilization? Explain in detail about steam pressure sterilization /autoclave.
SHORT ESSAYS
- Dry heat sterilization/ dry clave
- Define disinfection, explain various methods of disinfection.
SHORT ANSWERS
- What are the routes of transmission of dental infections?
- Chemical vapour pressure sterilization/ chemiclave
- Ethylene oxide sterilization
- Hand piece sterilization
14) PATIENT EVALUATION DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT PLANNING
SHORT ESSAY
- What are the various phases of treatment plan?
15) PATIENT AND OPERATOR POSITIONS
SHORT ESSAY
- Explain various patient and operator position in operative dentistry.
16) MANAGEMENT OF PAIN AND TRAUMA IN OPERATIVE DENTISTRY
SHORT ESSAY
- What are the various methods to control pain in operative dentistry?
17) DENTIN HYPERSENSITIVITY
LONG ESSAY
- Define dentin hypersensitivity, Theories of dentin hypersensitivity and Management of dentin hypersensitivity.
SHORT ESSAYS
- Explain etiology, clinical features and management of dentin hypersensitivity.
- Theories of dentin hypersensitivity
- Direct innervation theory
- Hydrodynamic theory
SHORT ANSWERS
- Phases of development of dentin hypersensitivity
- Define dentin hypersensitivity.
- Etiology of dentin hypersensitivity
18) MANAGEMENT OF GINGIVAL TISSUES
SHORT ESSAYS
- What are various methods of gingival tissue management?
- Indications for gingival tissue management?
SHORT ANSWERS
- Chemical mechanical methods of gingival tissue management
- Electrosurgical methods, Principles of electrosurgery
- What are the recent techniques for gingival retraction?
19) AMALGAM RESTORATIONS
LONG ESSAYS
- Define Amalgam, Classification, Composition, Properties, Indications, contraindications of dental amalgam alloys
- Classify the cavity designs for Amalgam restoration, Write briefly about mercury hygiene.
- Define class 2 cavity; write in detail steps involved in doing cavity preparation for Amalgam in mandibular 2nd premolar teeth.
- Enumerate various steps of cavity preparation; discuss retention and resistance form for class 2 amalgam cavity preparation.
- Define class 2 cavity; Write in detail about clinical steps involved in preparation of class 2 cavities for silver amalgam in maxillary 1st molar.
- Enumerate various restorative materials used for posterior teeth; discuss in detail class 2 cavity preparations for Silver amalgam in mandibular 1st molar.
- What are the causes for failure of silver amalgam Restoration? Note on features of such restoration?
SHORT ESSAYS
- Recent developments in dental amalgam
- Amalgamation reaction
- Class 1 cavity preparation for amalgam restoration
- Features of primary resistance and retention form of class 2 cavity preparation
- Restorative technique for amalgam restoration
- Composition and properties of high copper alloys
- Bonded amalgam restoration
- What are the various modifications in class 2 cavity design for amalgam restoration?
- Steps in finishing and polishing of amalgam restoration
- What are the signs of failure of amalgam restoration?
- What are the reasons for failure of amalgam restoration?
- Mercury toxicity
- Enumerate the measures to reduce Mercury exposure in dental clinic.
- What are Mercury hygiene recommendations?
SHORT ANSWERS
- Mercury free direct Filling amalgam alloys
- Primary resistance form for class 1 cavity preparation
- Slot preparation in class 2 cavity
- Eames technique
- Trituration
- Mulling
- Marginal ditching
- Proximal overhang
- Amalgam blues
- Mercury toxicity
- Define dental amalgam.
- Delayed expansion
- High copper amalgam
- Burnishing
- Gamma 2 phase
20) PIN RETAINED RESTORATIONS
LONG ESSAYS
- Define pin retained restoration? Write in detail about indications, contraindications, advantages, disadvantages of pin retained restoration.
- What are complex amalgam restorations? Advantages and disadvantages of complex amalgam restoration? Describe different types of pins used in pin amalgam restoration.
SHORT ESSAYS
- Classify pins, Write in detail about threaded pins.
- Thread made system pins
- What are the alternative means of providing retention for Amalgam restoration?
SHORT ANSWERS
- Cemented pins
- Friction locked pins
- Self-threaded pins
- Types of TMS pins
- Complications of pin retained restoration
- Slots
- Coves
- Amalgapins
21) DIRECT FILLING GOLD
SHORT ESSAYS
- Direct filling gold-Types/properties
- Degassing/Annealing
- What are the principles of compaction of direct gold restorations?
- Write about general principles of cavity preparation for direct gold restorations.
- Classify Direct filling gold? Add a note on compaction of teeth.
- What are the general steps for direct gold restorations?
SHORT ANSWERS
- Gold foil
- Mat gold
- Mat foil
- Goldent
- Annealing
- Indications and contraindications for direct filling restorations.
22) CAST GOLD RESTORATIONS
LONG ESSAYS
- Define inlay, discuss the basic concepts of cavity preparation for inlay restoration.
- Differentiate between cavity preparation for Silver amalgam and class 2 cast gold inlay.
SHORT ESSAYS
- Composition and classification of cost gold alloys
- Properties of cast gold alloys
- Define inlay, Indications and contraindications for class 2 gold inlays
- Bevels in inlay cast Restoration and its function
- Cavity preparation for class 2 gold inlays
- Die materials
- Casting defects
- Porosities in cast gold restoration
- Fabrication of wax pattern of cast gold inlays and onlays
- Casting machines used to cast gold alloys.
SHORT ANSWERS
- Types of cast gold alloys
- Define inlay and onlay
- Circumferential tie
- Types of bevels
- Divestment
- Distortion
- Porosities
- Causes of back pressure porosity
- Pickling
- Electroformed dies
23) ADHESION TO TOOTH STRUCTURES
SHORT ESSAYS
- Define adhesion and mechanism of adhesion.
- Describe acid etching and enamel bonding.
- Enamel bonding agents and mechanism of enamel bonding
- Discuss dentin bonding agents in detail
- Total etch adhesive
- Components of dentin bonding agent
SHORT ANSWERS
- Acid etchants
- Enamel bonding agent and bonding mechanism
- Smear layer
- Classification of dentin bonding agents
- Clinical applications of dentin bonding agents
- Components of dentin bonding agent
- Hybrid layer
- Self-etch adhesive
24) COMPOSITE RESIN RESTORATION
LONG ESSAYS
- Define composite resin? What are the recent advances in composite resin?
- Define composite resin, write the classification explain the steps in restoring class IV composite resin,
- Classify composite resin, briefly explain restoring class III cavity with composite.
- Define dental composite resin, mention the composition and classification of composite, Discuss in detail clinical management of incisal Edge fracture of upper right Central Incisor using composite.
SHORT ESSAYS
- Classification of composite resin
- Composition of composite resin
- Polymerization of composite resin
- What are the recent advances in composite resin?
- Compomers and giomers
- Ceromer
- Class IV cavity preparation for composite resin
- Flowable composite
- Hybrid composite
- Fillers in composite
- Restorative technique for anterior composite restoration
- Discuss posterior composite restorations in detail.
- Compare cavity preparation in amalgam and composite.
- Rebonding
- Finishing and polishing of composite.
SHORT ANSWERS
- Define composite resin.
- Coupling agent
- Plasma arc curing lights
- Light emitting diode lights
- Argon laser curing lights
- Compomers
- Ormocer
- Flowable composite resin
- Ceromer
- Composition of compomer
25) GLASS IONOMER RESTORATIONS
LONG ESSAYS
- Classify GIC, Write in detail about its clinical applications.
- Classify GIC, Discuss composition and manipulation, Describe preparation and restoration of class V cavities with GIC.
- Describe the indications, contraindications, Advantages, Disadvantages of glass ionomer cement, Discuss restoration of class V cavities with glass ionomer cement.
- Write the Composition and classification of glass ionomer cement, in detail explain properties and manipulation.
SHORT ESSAYS
- Composition of GIC
- Recent advances in GIC
- Type III GIC
- Manipulation and setting reaction of GIC
- Properties of GIC
- Cermet ionomers
- Resin modified glass ionomer
- Sandwich technique
- Tunnel restoration
- ART technique
SHORT ANSWERS
- Giomers
- Advantages and disadvantages of Glass ionomer
26) DENTAL CERAMIC RESTORATION
SHORT ESSAYS
- Define dental ceramics, Classify dental ceramic and composition of dental ceramic.
- Methods of strengthening dental ceramics.
- Ceramic inlays and onlays
- All ceramic material
- Properties of dental ceramic
- CAD/CAM
- Ceramic Veneers
SHORT ANSWERS
- Ceramic onlay
- Dental ceramic
- Ceramic veneers
- Components of CAD/CAM system
- Advantages and disadvantages of dental ceramic
27) NON VARIOUS CERVICAL LESIONS
LONG ESSAYS
- Mention different non carious lesion of tooth, Explain in detail abfraction lesion
- Define erosion, Discuss Etiology, Clinical features, Diagnosis and management of erosion.
SHORT ESSAYS
- Management of non-carious cervical lesion
- Erosion
- Abrasion
- Abfraction
- Preventive measures to prevent noncarious cervical lesions
- Clinical features of non-carious cervical lesions
28) MINIMAL INTERVENTION DENTISTRY
LONG ESSAY
- Define minimally invasive dentistry, Principles of minimally invasive dentistry and Explain in detail Air abrasion.
SHORT ESSAYS
- Sonoabrasion
- Air abrasion
- Lasers for cavity preparation
SHORT ANSWER
- Chemomechanical caries removal
29) COLOUR IN ESTHETIC DENTISTRY
SHORT ESSAYS
- Dimensions of colour
- Shade selection protocol
- Factors affecting the colour perception
SHORT ANSWERS
- Chromoscope
- Vitaspan 3D master
- Vitaclassical
- Metamerism
30) BASIC CONCEPTS IN ESTHETIC DENTISTRY
SHORT ESSAY
- Define Esthetic dentistry. Parameters to evaluate dental esthetics
31) BLEACHING DISCOLOURED TEETH
LONG ESSAYS
- Define bleaching, classify the bleaching procedures and explain in detail non vital bleaching.
- Discuss various bleaching agents used and Explain in detail at home vital bleaching.
SHORT ESSAYS
- Walking bleach
- Bleaching agents
- Vital/Extracoronal bleaching
- In office power bleaching
- In office traditional vital bleaching
- In office thermocatalytic bleaching
32) Lasers in conservative dentistry
SHORT ESSAYS
- Principles of lasers
- Types of lasers
- Components of laser
- Application of laser in conservative dentistry
SHORT ANSWERS
- Argon laser curing lights
- Advantages and disadvantages of laser
ENDODONTICS
1) PATHOLOGIES OF PULP AND PERIAPEX
LONG ESSAYS
- Classification of pulp pathologies.
- Irreversible pulpitis.
- Classification of peri radicular pathologies.
- Acute apical abscess.
SHORT ESSAYS
- Etiology of pulp diseases.
- Classification of pulp pathologies.
- Reversible pulpitis.
- Chronic hyperplastic pulpitis.
- Internal resorption.
- Phoenix abscess.
- Radicular cyst/cystic apical periodontitis.
SHORT ANSWERS
- External root resorption.
- Cystic apical periodontitis.
2) ENDODONTIC MICROBIOLOGY
SHORT ESSAYS
- Endodontic microflora.
- Portals of entry for microorganisms.
- Classification of microorganisms.
- Types of culture medium.
SHORT ANSWERS
- Microbial ecosystem of root canal.
3) BIOFILM AND SMEAR LAYER IN ENDODONTICS
SHORT ESSAY
- Smear layer in endodontics.
SHORT ANSWER
4) RATIONALE OF ENDODONTIC TREATMENT
LONG ESSAY
- Rationale of Endodontic therapy.
SHORT ESSAYS
- Endodontic implications explained by fish.
- Zones of infection.
- Rationale of endodontic therapy.
SHORT ANSWERS
- Fish experiment.
5) DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE
SHORT ESSAYS
- Objective findings.
- Diagnostic methods.
- Pulp vitality test.
- Thermal test.
- Electric pulp testing.
- Role of radiographs in endodontics.
- Digital dental radiography.
- Recent advances in pulp vitality testing.
SHORT ANSWERS
- Percussion test.
- Laser doppler flowmetry.
- SLOB rule.
6) ASEPSIS IN ENDODONTICS
SHORT ESSAY
- Steam Heat sterilization.
SHORT ANSWER
- Glass bead sterilizer.
7) ISOLATION OF TEETH
LONG ESSAY
- Rubber dam isolation.
8) ENDODONTIC INSTRUMENTS
LONG ESSAYS
- Endodontic instruments.
- Classification of instruments.
SHORT ESSAYS
- Standardization of instruments.
- Classification of endodontic instruments. Group 1 hand operated instruments.
- Gates glidden drills.
- Sonic and ultrasonic in endodontics.
- Ultrasonic hand piece.
- Uses of endosonics.
- K-type reamers and files.
- Handstroem file.
SHORT ANSWERS
- Peeso reamers.
- NiTi rotatory instruments.
- Rake angle.
- Generation of NiTi instruments.
- Ultrasonic hand piece.
- Letulo spiral.
9) INTERNAL ANATOMY
SHORT ESSAYS
- Root canal classification.
SHORT ANSWERS
- Root canal classification.
- Maxillary first molar.
- C-shaped canal.
10) ACCESS CAVITY PREPARATION
SHORT ESSAYS
- Access cavity preparation, definition, objectives, instruments for preparation, guidelines, laws of access cavity preparation.
- Access cavity preparation for maxillary molars.
11) IRRIGATION AND INTRACANAL MEDICAMENTS
SHORT ESSAYS
- Ideal requirements for an irrigants, functions of irrigants, commonly used irrigating solutions.
- Sodium hypochlorite.
- Method of irrigation.
- Intracanal medicaments.
SHORT ANSWERS
- Sodium hypochlorite.
- Chelating agents.
- Calcium hydroxide.
- PBSC paste.
- Corticosteroid antibiotic combination.
12) WORKING LENGTH DETERMINATION
LONG ESSAYS
- Working length determination, definition, significance of WL, different methods of WL determination.
- Ingle’s method of WL determination.
SHORT ESSAY
- Electronic apex locators.
13) CLEANING AND SHAPING OF ROOT CANAL SYSTEM
LONG ESSAYS
- Techniques of root canal preparation.
- Step back technique.
- Crown down technique.
- Balanced force technique.
SHORT ESSAYS
- Objectives of biomechanical preparation.
- Balanced force technique.
- Watch winding.
- Principles of canal instrumentations.
- Difference between step back and crown down technique.
14) OBTURATION OF ROOT CANAL SYSTEM
LONG ESSAYS
- Obturation techniques.
- Lateral compaction technique.
- Thermoplasticized injectable gutta percha obturation.
SHORT ESSAYS
- Materials used for obturation.
- Gutta percha.
- Root canal sealers.
- Lateral compaction technique.
- Warm vertical compaction technique.
- Mcspadden compaction.
- Thermoplasticized injectable gutta percha obturation.
SHORT ANSWERS
- Materials used for obturation of root canal system.
- Gutta percha.
- Grossman’s sealers.
- AH-26.
- AH plus.
- Mcspadden compaction technique.
15) SINGLE VISIT ENDODONTIC
SHORT ESSAY
- Single visit endodontic.
16) MID TREATMENT FLARE UPS IN ENDODONTICS
SHORT ESSAY
- Mid treatment flare ups.
SHORT ANSWER
17) ENDODONTIC EMERGENCIES
SHORT ESSAYS
- Classification of endodontic emergencies.
- Management options for an Avulsed tooth.
- Cracked tooth syndrome.
18) PROCEDURAL ACCIDENTS
SHORT ESSAYS
- Procedural errors.
- Inadequately cleaned and shaped root canal system.
- Instrument separation.
- Management of coronal third perforations.
SHORT ANSWERS
- Masserann kit.
19) SURGICAL ENDODONTICS
LONG ESSAYS
- Classification of endodontic surgery.
- Flap designs and incisions.
SHORT ESSAYS
- Indications, contraindications.
- Flap designs and incisions.
- Root end resection.
- Root end filling materials.
- Endodontic implants.
SHORT ANSWERS
- Incision and drainage.
- Partsch incision.
- Ochsenbein- luebke flap.
- Retrograde filling.
- Root end filling materials.
20) ENDODONTIC PERIODONTAL LESIONS
SHORT ESSAY
- Classification of endodontic periodontal lesions.
SHORT ANSWERS
- Classification of endodontic periodontal lesions.
21) RESTORATION OF ENDODONTICALLY TREATED TEETH
SHORT ESSAYS
- Post and core.
- Factors to be considered while planning post and core.
22) MANAGEMENT OF TRAUMATIC INJURIES
LONG ESSAYS
- Classification of dentofacial injuries.
- Etiology of traumatic injuries.
SHORT ESSAYS
- Root fractures.
- Luxation injuries.
- Types of Splints.
- Mouth guard.
23) MANAGEMENT OF DISCOLORED TEETH
LONG ESSAYS
- Etiology, classification.
- Bleaching agents.
SHORT ESSAYS
- Intrinsic stains.
- Night guar bleaching.
- Bleaching of nonvital teeth.
- Walking bleaching.
- In office bleaching.
SHORT ANSWERS
- Carbamide peroxide.
- Walking bleaching.
24) ROOT RESOLUTION
SHORT ESSAYS
- External root resorption.
- Inflammatory root resorption.
25) CRACK TOOTH SYNDROME AND VERTICAL ROOT FRACTURE
SHORT ESSAY
- Crack tooth syndrome.
26) LASER IN ENDODONTICS
SHORT ESSAYS
- Lasers in endodontics.
- Application of lasers.
27) BIOCERAMICS IN ENDODONTICS
SHORT ESSAY
- Mineral trioxide aggregates.
28) VITAL PULP THERAPY
LONG ESSAY
SHORT ESSAYS
- Pulp capping.
- Direct pulp capping.
29) MAGNIFICATION
SHORT ESSAY
Surgical operating microscope.